Writing a well-organized paragraph or essay‎ is a task that can be daunting for many students. Yet for students with ADHD, the writing process – one that involves coming up with a topic, creating a plan, structuring ideas, writing well-written sentences, and spelling words correctly, amongst other skills, can be downright grueling. In fact, research indicates that over half of children with ADHD struggle with writing. Yet as students progress through school, the writing demands increase exponentially. The ideas detailed below can help your ADHD child develop stronger writing skills.

Listing
For some students, even initiating the writing process can be challenging. They often feel overwhelmed and intimidated by the thought of having to compose a well-written paragraph or essay. To combat these fears, encourage your child to start by simply jotting down ideas about a given topic. For instance, if your youngster is asked to write a paragraph on why he likes summer, he can start by‎ listing ideas about the joys of summer. He might write in list format, for instance: one can play outside, spend more time with family and friends, go to camp, swim, travel, and lay at the beach. Once these ideas are on the page, he can then highlight the three or so points he plans to include in his writing.

Brainstorming
After your child has selected the points she plans to elaborate on in her paragraph or essay, she should brainstorm these ideas in an organized fashion. While there are various formats she can use for brainstorming, a web diagram is a useful tool. She can, for instance, brainstorm for a basic five sentence paragraph by writing the topic in a rectangular box at the top of the page, then connecting it to three circular bubbles beneath it (for the three key points, such as playing outside, spending time with family, and swimming), and finally ending with another rectangular box at the bottom for the concluding sentence. Computer-based programs, such as Kidspiration (for younger students) or Inspiration (for older students) can also serve as engaging multi-sensory options for brainstorming.

Writing
Once your child has listed his ideas and then created a brainstorm diagram, he can turn those boxes and bubbles into complete sentences to form his paragraph. Have him turn the “topic” box into a topic sentence, such as “There are many fun and engaging activities one can do during the summer.” Next, he can turn each detail bubble into full sentences. For example, “You can play outside at a park or playground. You can spend more free time relaxing with friends and family. You can also swim in a pool or at the beach.” Finally, he should turn the bottom box into a conclusion sentence, which can express his opinion on the topic, such as “I love summer” or “Summer is my favorite time of year.”

Self-Checking
Many students with ADHD have a tendency to speed through their work to “get it over with” and often neglect to self-check their writing. Rather than telling them to simply “check” their work, teach them specific tools for how to go about doing so, such as the COPS acronym, which stands for Capitalization, Organization, Punctuation, and ‎Spelling. Have her write the COPS acronym vertically at the bottom of her essay with a check box next to each letter. Once she is done writing her paragraph or essay, encourage her to go back and check for each individual item on the check list (one at a time) and check off each one once she makes the relevant corrections.

As students progress through school, the writing demands increase rapidly. Help your ADHD child learn to effectively express his ideas on paper in an organized, well-structured manner and he will be well on his way to academic success.

The post Writing Strategies for ADHD Students appeared first on EBL Coaching.

“I need to write a five paragraph essay.  Where do I begin?  How do I compose a thesis statement?  What is a transition word?  And how do I end with strong concluding remarks?”

Do any of these words sound familiar?  As your child advances through elementary school, he or she will inevitably face the often daunting task of writing a five paragraph essay.  Many students have little direction, and some have no clue at all, as to how to plan, write, and self-check their essays using an organized, logical flow.   Since writing is certainly one of the most important skills for school success, it is imperative that students learn an effective strategy for organizing their thoughts and ideas on paper.

Here is a step-by-step process for how to write a perfect five paragraph essay:

1. The introduction paragraph.  This paragraph tends to be, by far, the most difficult one for students to write.  It is here that the student must lure in the reader with an interesting, thought-provoking remark or anecdote.  The paragraph must end with a well-constructed thesis statement to set the organization and tone of the essay.  Here are some guidelines for writing a strong introduction paragraph:
   1. The opener.  Students can choose one of the following five ways to start the essay:

• • • Question (Ex.  Have you ever wondered how baked ziti is made?)
    • General Statement.  (Ex. Wearing a seatbelt can help protect your life.)
    • Quotation.  (Ex.  A wise man once said, “If it ain’t broke, don”t fix it.”)
    • Opposite Statement (Ex. Many people believe that all “˜healthy” foods are healthy.)
    • Story (Ex. The manager left his store to take a quick lunch break.  He was sure all of his employees were trustworthy.  He was gone for one hour, and when he returned, all of the cash was missing from his register.)

For practice, encourage your child to write just the opener of several different essays on various topics.  These five choices will add variety and creativity to his or her writing!

1. 2. The thesis statement.  The thesis statement should always come at the end of the introduction paragraph.  It should always contain the student”s opinion on the topic and his or her plan for the essay.  For example, a well-constructed thesis statement might be as follows:  Rocking Horse Grill is the best restaurant in town because of its food, atmosphere, and friendly staff.  Note that for this thesis statement, the opinion is Rocking Horse Grill is the best restaurant in town and the plan is because of its food, atmosphere, and friendly staff.  Thus, the first body paragraph of this essay would be about Rocking Horse Grill”s food, the second body paragraph would be about its atmosphere, and the third would be about its friendly staff.  For practice, have your child write thesis statements on the following topics:  winter sports, junk food, and holidays.
   3. The lead-in.  The lead-in actually comes before the thesis statement (3-5 sentences) and after the opener.  We teach the lead-in after teaching the thesis statement, however, because it flows together and is easier to grasp this way.  As practice, students should read well-written introduction paragraphs and highlight the opener in one color, the lead-in in another color, and the thesis statement in a third color.

2. The three body paragraphs.  Remember that the thesis statement sets the plan for the content of each body paragraph.  Ask yourself the following:  If our thesis statement is:  Snowboarding is a great sport because it is fun, social, and athletic, what would each body paragraph be about?  Hopefully you answered that the first body paragraph would be about why snowboarding is fun, the second would be about why it is social, and the third would describe why it is an athletic sport.

Each body paragraph should include details, examples, statistics, quotations, and any other specific information.  The old adage “Show, don”t tell” certainly applies here.  It is important that the student describes information in detail, with concrete backup from credible sources, rather than just “telling” about it.  Remember that if any information is taken from other sources, it must be credited as an outside source.

3. The Conclusion Paragraph.  This paragraph can be a tough one to write!  How does one reiterate all of the information from the essay without being redundant?  And how can we add more information without really adding more information?  The solution for writing this paragraph is as follows:
   1. Restate the thesis statement.  This is where the student should remind the reader of his or her opinion on the topic and restate the three supporting points.  For example, for our Rocking Horse Grill essay, we might start our conclusion paragraph with the following:  “Because of its delicious Mexican cuisine, convivial ambiance, and energetic staff, Rocking Horse Grill is one of the best restaurants in Chicago.”
   2. Lead–out.  The next 2-4 sentences should lead the reader to the author”s final, conclusive remark.  The student can reiterate some points about each of the body paragraphs.  These sentences should, of course, contain words that are different from those used in the actual body paragraphs.
   3. Concluding Remark.  This remark should be conclusive, strong, and perhaps profound.  It should leave the reader thinking.  For example, a concluding remark for our Rocking Horse Grill essay might be:  “The next time you are in town, do not bother with any other restaurants since Rocking Horse Grill has it all.”

If your child follows the above model when writing, he or she will be well on the way toward a perfect five paragraph essay.   But first, to your child, a few other pointers:

1. Try not to directly state your opinion.  Avoid phrase like:
   • “In this essay, I will talk about”¦”
   • “I think that smoking is bad for you because” (rather, simply state “Smoking is bad for you because”¦”)
   • “In conclusion, my essay proves”¦”
2. Remember to use transition words when transitioning between paragraphs and between points within paragraphs.  For example, at the start of your first body paragraph, you might write, “The first reason why Rocking Horse Grill is the best restaurant in town is because it offers delicious Mexican cuisine.” Between points within that paragraph, you might write, “Next, the burritos at Rocking Horse are some of the best I have ever had.  They are warm, thick, and are filled with fresh ingredients.  Furthermore, there is a wide variety to choose from.” The words in italics are some transition words you might use.
3. Perhaps the most important advice you should follow is to always use three steps when writing:  brainstorm, write, andself-check.  Use the following guidelines when doing so:
   • Brainstorm.  Use a visual diagram, a word processor, or even a hand-written list to plan your essay.  Make sure you write out your opener, your thesis statement, your three points for your body paragraph, and some details, quotes, statistics, or other specific information that you might include in each body paragraph before writing.  This step sets the stage for the organization and flow of your essay.
   • Write.  Use the above-mentioned guidelines for specific information on how to write the essay itself.
   • Self­-check.  This step is critical; one that many students neglect!  When self-checking your work, do not rely solely on the spell check or grammar check on your word processor.  Many mistakes are missed by using just these tools!  Instead, self-check your work using the following checklist:

• • • • Capitalization:  re-read your essay and make sure that all letters that should be capitalized are, and those that should not be capitalized are not.
      • Tense:  re-read your essay and make sure that all tense is consistent.  That means that you should not mix past and present tense together.  Rather, you should choose one of the two and stick with it throughout the essay.
      • Organization:  re-read your essay and ask yourself the following questions:  Does my essay have a strong opener?  Is that opener followed by a lead-in, and then by a well-constructed thesis statement?  Have I clearly stated my points in each body paragraph?  Have I restated my thesis statement in my conclusion paragraph and ended my essay with a thought-provoking remark?  If so, then check off this box.
      • Punctuation: again, re-read your essay and make sure all of your punctuation is correct.
      • Spelling:  re-read the essay and make sure all spelling is correct.

Note that the key theme here is re-read.  You should re-read your essay five times, each time checking for a different element.

This information is certainly a lot to absorb “” but it will make a real difference in your child”s writing!  Remember that for many students, coming up with the content is not the challenge.  Rather it is organizing that content into a well-written, well-structured, and logically flowing essay.  Use these strategies to make the five paragraph essay writing process step-by-step, fun and easy for your child.  So get to work!
Emily Levy is the author of “Strategies for Study Success:  Writing Five Paragraph Essays,” one of her three-part writing workbook series.  She has also written twelve other workbooks as part of this “Strategies for Study Success” series, covering test taking, note taking, reading comprehension, and auditory processing strategies.  For more information on these books and related tutorial services, contact EBL Coaching at 646-342-9380 or by visiting www.eblacademy.com.

The post How to Write a Great Five Paragraph Essay appeared first on EBL Coaching.

For many students, the thought of having to write a well-constructed essay causes a chronic case of the jitters. Adding a time constraint to this task only fans the flame of their already raging anxiety. Unfortunately for many, an increasing number of standardized and in-class tests incorporate timed essay writing as part of an overall academic assessment. Learning strategies for composing a well-written essay in a timely fashion can help students feel relaxed and well-prepared for these types of exams. Encourage your child to try using some of these techniques!

The Prompt

When students are asked to write an essay, they are usually given a prompt, generally a statement to let students know the general topic. Some prompts might include: Discuss your idea of a Utopian world, Describe the advantages of technology. Or, explain how eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had important influences on our lives.

Students should take particular note of directive words such as discuss, describe, and explain. Other directives might include analyze, compare, contrast, compare and contrast, and persuade. Students should always underline the directive after reading the prompt to make sure they answer the question correctly. You may notice that your child sometimes veers off topic when answering an essay question. By identifying and underlining the directive, he or she can avoid making that mistake.

After reading the prompt and underlining the directive, students should rewrite the prompt in their own words. This step ensures that the student is aware of precisely what the prompt is asking and how to correctly write the essay.

Brainstorm

Before writing, students should always organize their ideas on paper, even if they are under a tight time constraint! This step helps ensure their essay will be well-organized and include the necessary information in a structured format. What is the best style for brainstorming? Students may have their own preference for jotting down their ideas, but one useful strategy is to create a web diagram.

For this strategy, students should draw a vertical web diagram with a box on top for the opening and thesis statement, three bubbles beneath it, and a box at the bottom for the conclusion paragraph. They should write their opening sentence inside the upper part of the box for the introduction paragraph, and their thesis statement inside the bottom part. They should then create branches stemming out of each bubble with ideas for the body paragraph.

After completing their brainstorm diagram while practicing, students should write an estimated time (ET) detailing how long they think it will take them to complete their essay. When they have finished writing and self-checking their work, they should write the actual time (AT) it took them to complete the process. By practicing this step, students will develop time management skills and gain a realistic sense of how long it might take them to complete their essay during the exam.

The Essay

It’s time to begin writing! Students should note that the hard part is done, they have already detailed the ideas which they will include in their essay. Now they must translate that information into words to form a well-organized essay.

How do I begin writing? This is a question students frequently ask themselves, and often struggle with. Learning five options for opening their essays can be a helpful tool. To add variety, students can also start their essays with a question (Have you ever wondered how lasagna is made?), quotation (If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it), opposite statement (Some people believe that all water is safe to drink), or a story (David decided to go for a hike one day). These alternate choices can help your child add creativity to his or her essay.

The thesis statement is another sentence that gives students trouble when writing, and it can be considered one of the most important parts of the entire essay. A thesis statement should be composed of an opinion and a plan.

When writing, students should remember to use transition sentences at the beginning of each body paragraph. They should also start their conclusion paragraph by restating their thesis statement, and end their essay with a unique thought or idea.

Self-Checking

Self-checking is a step many students love to leave out! Students often lose points because of careless mistakes they could have fixed by self-checking their work. Here’s a helpful self-checking tool:

C
T
O
P
S

C stands for Capitalization
T stands for Tense (students should make sure they use a consistent past or present tense)
O stands for Organization (students should include an opening, a thesis statement, well-organized body paragraphs, and a conclusion paragraph)
P stands for Punctuation
S stands for Spelling

Students should be sure to re-read their essay five separate times to check for each element on this list. Once they have finished brainstorming, writing, and self-checking their essay, they should look at the clock and record AT, the actual amount of time it took them to complete this process.

The more students practice these strategies, the easier and less daunting the essay writing process will become. With these tools, students will be well on their way to writing a good, well-organized essay for any timed exam.

The post Effective Writing Strategies for Students appeared first on EBL Coaching.

Do you find that your child has interesting, smart, and creative ideas but struggles to put them down on paper? Many students are unsure how to begin the writing process, how to write well-organized thesis statements, and how to structure each of their body paragraphs. As the writing demands of school increase, these struggles tend to follow. Yet learning the steps for composing a well-written five paragraph essay can help all students improve their writing. Read more at Help Your Child with Dysgraphia Build Stronger Writing Skills – EBL Coaching.

Here’s how it’s done:

Step 1: The Introduction Paragraph. This paragraph tends to be the most challenging one for students to write. At the start of the essay, the student must lure in the reader with an interesting, thought-provoking remark or anecdote. The paragraph must end with a well-constructed thesis statement to set the organization and tone of the essay. Here are some guidelines for writing a strong introduction paragraph:

1. The Opener. Students can choose one of the following five ways to start the essay:

• Question (Ex. Have you ever wondered how lasagna is made?)
• General Statement. (Ex. Growing trees is an easy process.)
• Quotation. (Ex. A wise man once said, “If it ‘aint broke, don’t fix it.”)
• Opposite Statement (Ex. Many people believe that all water is safe to drink.)
• Story (Ex. The manager left his store to take a quick lunch break. He was sure all of his employees were trustworthy. He was gone for one hour, and when he returned, all of the cash was missing from his register.)
• For practice, encourage your child to write just the opener of several different essays on various topics. These five choices will add variety and creativity to his or her writing!

2. The Thesis Statement. The thesis statement should always come at the end of the introduction paragraph. It should contain two parts: the student’s opinion on the topic and his or her plan for the essay. For example, a well-constructed thesis statement might be as follows: Blue Man Grill is the best restaurant in town because of its food, atmosphere, and friendly staff. Note that for this thesis statement, the opinion is Blue ManGrill is the best restaurant in town and the plan is because of its food, atmosphere, and friendly staff. Thus, the first body paragraph of this essay would be about Blue Man Grill’s food, the second body paragraph would be about its atmosphere, and the third would be about its friendly staff. For practice, have your child write thesis statements on the following topics: winter sports, junk food, and holidays.

3. The Lead-in. The lead-in is composed of 3-5 sentences and should come before the thesis statement and after the opener. We teach the lead-in after teaching the thesis statement, however, because it flows together and is easier to grasp this way. As practice, students should read well-written introduction paragraphs and highlight the opener in one color, the lead-in in another color, and the thesis statement in a third color.

Step 2: The Three Body Paragraphs. The thesis statement sets the plan for the content of each body paragraph. When writing the body paragraph, students should ask themselves: If the thesis statement is: Skiing is a great sport because it is fun, social, and athletic, what would each body paragraph be about? In this case, the first body paragraph would be about why skiing is fun, the second would be about why it is social, and the third would describe why it is an athletic sport.

Each body paragraph should include details, examples, statistics, quotations, and any other specific information. The old adage “Show, don’t tell” certainly applies here. It is important that the student describes information in detail, with concrete backup from credible sources, rather than just “telling” about it. Remember that if any information is taken from other sources, it must be credited as an outside source.

Step 3: The Conclusion Paragraph. This paragraph can be a tough one for many students to write. Students must reiterate all of the information from the essay without being redundant, and add more information without really adding more information. How is this done: The solution for writing the conclusion paragraph is as follows:

1. Restate the Thesis Statement. This is where the student should remind the reader of his or her opinion on the topic and restate the three supporting points. For example, for our Rocking Horse Grill essay, we might start our conclusion paragraph with the following: “Because of its delicious Mexican cuisine, convivial ambiance, and energetic staff, Rocking Horse Grill is one of the best restaurants in Chicago.”
2. The Lead-out. The next 2-4 sentences should lead the reader to the author’s final, conclusive remark. The student can reiterate some points about each of the body paragraphs. These sentences should, of course, contain words that are different from those used in the actual body paragraphs.
3. Concluding Remark. This remark should be conclusive, strong, and perhaps profound. It should leave the reader thinking. For example, a concluding remark for our Rocking Horse Grill essay might be: “The next time you are in town, do not bother with any other restaurants since Rocking Horse Grill has it all.”

If your child follows the above model when writing, he or she will be well on the way toward a perfect five paragraph essay. But first, to your child, a few other pointers:

1. Try not to directly state your opinion. Avoid phrases like:
   • “In this essay, I will talk about…”
   • “I think that smoking is bad for you because” (rather, simply state “Smoking is bad for you because…”)
   • “In conclusion, my essay proves…”
2. Remember to use transition words when transitioning between paragraphs and between points within paragraphs. For example, at the start of your first body paragraph, you might write, “The first reason why Rocking Horse Grill is the best restaurant in town is because it offers delicious Mexican cuisine.” Between points within that paragraph, you might write, “Next, the burritos at Rocking Horse are some of the best I have ever had. They are warm, thick, and are filled with fresh ingredients. Furthermore, there is a wide variety to choose from.” The words in italics are some transition words you might use.
3. Perhaps the most important advice you should follow is to always use three steps when writing: brainstorm, write, and self-check. Use the following guidelines when doing so:
   • Brainstorm. Use a visual diagram, a word processor, or even a hand-written list to plan your essay. Make sure you write out your opener, your thesis statement, your three points for your body paragraph, and some details, quotes, statistics, or other specific information that you might include in each body paragraph before writing. This step sets the stage for the organization and flow of your essay.
   • Write. Use the above-mentioned guidelines for specific information on how to write the essay itself.
   • Self-check. This step is critical; one that many students neglect! When self-checking your work, do not rely solely on the spell check or grammar check on your word processor. Many mistakes are missed by using just these tools! Instead, self-check your work using the following checklist:
     • Capitalization: re-read your essay and make sure that all letters that should be capitalized are, and those that should not be capitalized are not.
     • Tense: re-read your essay and make sure that all tense is consistent. That means that you should not mix past and present tense together. Rather, you should choose one of the two and stick with it throughout the essay.
     • Organization: re-read your essay and ask yourself the following questions: Does my essay have a strong opener? Is that opener followed by a lead-in, and then by a well-constructed thesis statement? Have I clearly stated my points in each body paragraph? Have I restated my thesis statement in my conclusion paragraph and ended my essay with a thought-provoking remark? If so, then check off this box.
     • Punctuation: again, re-read your essay and make sure all of your punctuation is correct.
     • Spelling: re-read the essay and make sure all spelling is correct.

Note that the key theme here is re-read. You should re-read your essay five times, each time checking for a different element. Read more at Help Your Child Build Stellar Writing Skills – EBL Coaching.

Encouraging your child to follow this step-by-step guide to writing a five paragraph essay can help him structure his thoughts on paper in a well-organized, logically flowing fashion. It may take some time, but the more practice, the more progress you will see – so help him get to work!

Dr. Emily Levy is the Founder and Director of EBL Coaching, which offers one-on-one tutoring and intensive summer programs. For more information, visit www.eblcoaching.com or call 212-249-0147.

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