Summer Strategies for Helping Students with ADHD Build Stronger Executive Functioning Skills

Originally published on the Executive Function Magazine 

Many students with ADHD struggle with their executive functioning skills. They may have difficulty with time management, organization, task initiation or staying focused in class, amongst other related skills. Summer is a great time to help students with ADHD develop stronger executive functioning skills and jump-start the school year on a positive note. Try some of the ideas detailed below.

Work on Organization

Summer is a fantastic time to help your child with ADHD set up organizational systems to help kick start the new school year. Having strong organizational skills is a key component to success in school. Help your child set up a color-coded system, where each class is given a specific color. For example, math might be green, science might be blue, English might be purple, and so on. Your child should select a folder and notebook for each class using its given color. Once they begin school and start writing down their assignments in their planner, they can highlight the homework assignment for a subject using its chosen color. If your child takes home papers on a regular basis, help them set up an organizational system where they designate one day per week to be their “clean out my notebooks day.” On this day, your child should clean out all the papers they do not need to be carrying with them on a regular basis and file them into a well-organized accordion file. This accordion file might consist of three sections for each class: one section for notes, one for homework, and one for tests and quizzes. On their designated clean-out day, they should file any papers they don’t need to be carrying with them into the appropriate section of their accordion file. At the end of the school year, if they completed a great project or assignment that they want to save, they can file it into an organized file drawer to keep for the long run.

Close Learning Gaps

During the school year, many children with ADHD miss out on key concepts. They might be daydreaming in class, come to school late, miss excessive days of school, or forget certain skills that they should have learned in class. Summer is an opportune time to review content that was taught the previous school year, fill in content gaps, and preview material that may be introduced in the new school year. You may want to reach out to your child’s teacher from the previous school year to discuss concepts they may need to work on during the summer. Maybe your child didn’t grasp multi-digit subtraction or multiplication; they might need to work on the organization of their writing; or perhaps they need extra practice with reading comprehension. Summer is a great time to work on these skills, with less academic constraints from school.
The shift from summer to school can be a difficult one for children who have ADHD. Help increase your child’s self-confidence and improve their executive functioning skills over the summer with these strategies and they will likely feel well-prepared to start the school year on a strong note.

Build Stronger Focusing Skills

Many students with ADHD struggle to stay focused for extended periods of time. You can take advantage of the summer and build your child’s focusing skills using a systematic method like the Pomodoro Technique. To use this approach, select a task and ask your child to work on it for 25 minutes. This might involve completing a math worksheet, writing in a journal, or cleaning out a file cabinet. After your child works on the task for 25 minutes, they can take a 5-minute break to do anything that’s relaxing for them. Then they work for another 25 minutes followed by a 5-minute break. Once they have completed three segments of 25 minutes plus subsequent 5-minute breaks, they take a longer break of around 30 minutes before starting the cycle again. Work on this strategy with your child during the summer and then show them how to apply it to their relevant homework assignments once the school year starts.

Develop Better Time Management Skills

Children with ADHD often struggle with time management. They may consistently show up late, think a task will take more or less time than it actually does, or plan too many activities for a given day. Summer is a great time to work on developing stronger time management skills. Try teaching your child the ET/AT, or Estimated Time/Actual Time Strategy. To use this strategy, ask your child to complete a task, such as writing an essay or reading a chapter in a book.
Then have your child estimate how long they think it will take to complete the task and ask them to write down the ET, or estimated time.

Then have your child complete the task, eyeing the time it actually takes them to complete it, and write down the AT, or actual time it takes. When your child begins using this strategy, they will likely notice a large difference between the ET and the AT, but the more they practice this technique, the more these times will begin to merge and the more their time management skills will improve.

Set Up a Workspace

Students with ADHD benefit from a quiet, distraction-free workspace that they can use each day for completing their homework. Help your child set up this space during the summer so they will be ready and organized for the new school year. This space could be a desk in their room or even a designated area on a communal table, like in a kitchen or dining room. Make sure your child has all the supplies they will need to complete their schoolwork, such as pencils, lined paper, highlighters, scissors, a ruler, and so on. When their supplies run low, help them refill the items before they begin their homework to make sure they don’t wander around your home in the middle of a homework session searching for more supplies. Also help them set up a consistent homework time, which could be right after school or after a snack or athletic break. The key is consistency.